Pollinators entering female dioecious figs: why commit suicide?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Pollination and parasitism in functionally dioecious figs.
Fig wasps (Agaonidae: Hymenoptera) are seed predators and their interactions with Ficus species (Moraceae) range from mutualism to parasitism. Recently considerable attention has been paid to conflicts of interest between the mutualists and how they are resolved in monoecious fig species. However, despite the fact that different conflicts can arise, little is known about the factors that influe...
متن کاملPollinator sharing in dioecious figs (Ficus: Moraceae)
As one of the most specialized pollination syndromes, the fig (Ficus)–fig wasp (Agaonidae) mutualism can shed light on how pollinator behaviour and specificity affect plant diversification through processes such as reproductive isolation and hybridization. Pollinator sharing among species has important implications for Ficus species delimitation and the evolutionary history of the mutualism. Al...
متن کاملNutritional Dimorphism in New Guinea Dioecious Figs
The life history of figs (Ficus, Moraceae) involves pollination by specialized insects and seed dispersal by vertebrate frugivores. This three-way interaction raises the possibility of conflict between pollinators and seed dispersers over fig resources. The conflict might be mediated in dioecious figs by the segregation of inflorescences with specialized male and female sexual functions, termed...
متن کاملWhy women are less likely than men to commit suicide.
Major depression forms the background of upwards of half of all suicides. Women are twice as likely as men to experience major depression, yet women are one fourth as likely as men to take their own lives. Current and past explanations of this paradox are built on androcentric assumptions that women are deficient in some way. The reverse may be true where suicide is concerned. Men value indepen...
متن کاملThe Stability of the Symbiosis between Dioecious Figs and Their Pollinators: a Study of Ficus Carica L. and Blastophaga Psenes L.
Each Ficus species depends on a specific mutualistic wasp for pollination. The wasp breeds on the fig, each larva destroying a female flower. It is, however, not known why the wasps have not evolved the ability to use all female flowers. In "dioecious" figs, the wasp can only breed in the female flowers of the "male" trees, so that pollination of a female tree is always lethal. The wasps should...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
سال: 1995
ISSN: 1010-061X,1420-9101
DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8030301.x